adapters.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ requests.adapters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This module contains the transport adapters that Requests uses to define and maintain connections. """ import os.path import socket import typing from urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager, proxy_from_url from urllib3.response import HTTPResponse from urllib3.util import parse_url from urllib3.util import Timeout as TimeoutSauce from urllib3.util.retry import Retry from urllib3.util.ssl_ import create_urllib3_context from urllib3.exceptions import ClosedPoolError from urllib3.exceptions import ConnectTimeoutError from urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as _HTTPError from urllib3.exceptions import MaxRetryError from urllib3.exceptions import NewConnectionError from urllib3.exceptions import ProxyError as _ProxyError from urllib3.exceptions import ProtocolError from urllib3.exceptions import ReadTimeoutError from urllib3.exceptions import SSLError as _SSLError from urllib3.exceptions import ResponseError from urllib3.exceptions import LocationValueError from .models import Response from .compat import urlparse, basestring from .utils import (DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH, extract_zipped_paths, get_encoding_from_headers, prepend_scheme_if_needed, get_auth_from_url, urldefragauth, select_proxy) from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict from .cookies import extract_cookies_to_jar from .exceptions import (ConnectionError, ConnectTimeout, ReadTimeout, SSLError, ProxyError, RetryError, InvalidSchema, InvalidProxyURL, InvalidURL) from .auth import _basic_auth_str try: from urllib3.contrib.socks import SOCKSProxyManager except ImportError: def SOCKSProxyManager(*args, **kwargs): raise InvalidSchema("Missing dependencies for SOCKS support.") DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK = False DEFAULT_POOLSIZE = 10 DEFAULT_RETRIES = 0 DEFAULT_POOL_TIMEOUT = None try: import ssl # noqa: F401 _preloaded_ssl_context = create_urllib3_context() _preloaded_ssl_context.load_verify_locations( extract_zipped_paths(DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH) ) except ImportError: # Bypass default SSLContext creation when Python # interpreter isn't built with the ssl module. _preloaded_ssl_context = None def _should_use_default_context( verify: "bool | str | None", client_cert: "typing.Tuple[str, str] | str | None", poolmanager_kwargs: typing.Dict[str, typing.Any], ) -> bool: # Determine if we have and should use our default SSLContext # to optimize performance on standard requests. has_poolmanager_ssl_context = poolmanager_kwargs.get("ssl_context") should_use_default_ssl_context = ( verify is True and _preloaded_ssl_context is not None and not has_poolmanager_ssl_context and client_cert is None ) return should_use_default_ssl_context def _urllib3_request_context( request: "PreparedRequest", verify: "bool | str | None", client_cert: "typing.Tuple[str, str] | str | None", poolmanager: "PoolManager", ) -> "(typing.Dict[str, typing.Any], typing.Dict[str, typing.Any])": host_params = {} pool_kwargs = {} parsed_request_url = urlparse(request.url) scheme = parsed_request_url.scheme.lower() port = parsed_request_url.port poolmanager_kwargs = getattr(poolmanager, "connection_pool_kw", {}) cert_reqs = "CERT_REQUIRED" cert_loc = None if verify is False: cert_reqs = "CERT_NONE" elif _should_use_default_context(verify, client_cert, poolmanager_kwargs): pool_kwargs["ssl_context"] = _preloaded_ssl_context elif verify is True: # Set default ca cert location if none provided cert_loc = extract_zipped_paths(DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH) elif isinstance(verify, str): cert_loc = verify if cert_loc is not None: if not os.path.isdir(cert_loc): pool_kwargs["ca_certs"] = cert_loc else: pool_kwargs["ca_cert_dir"] = cert_loc pool_kwargs["cert_reqs"] = cert_reqs if client_cert is not None: if isinstance(client_cert, tuple) and len(client_cert) == 2: pool_kwargs["cert_file"] = client_cert[0] pool_kwargs["key_file"] = client_cert[1] else: # According to our docs, we allow users to specify just the client # cert path pool_kwargs["cert_file"] = client_cert host_params = { "scheme": scheme, "host": parsed_request_url.hostname, "port": port, } return host_params, pool_kwargs class BaseAdapter(object): """The Base Transport Adapter""" def __init__(self): super(BaseAdapter, self).__init__() def send(self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None): """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object. :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent. :param stream: (optional) Whether to stream the request content. :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple. :type timeout: float or tuple :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path to a CA bundle to use :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted. :param proxies: (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request. """ raise NotImplementedError def close(self): """Cleans up adapter specific items.""" raise NotImplementedError class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter): """The built-in HTTP Adapter for urllib3. Provides a general-case interface for Requests sessions to contact HTTP and HTTPS urls by implementing the Transport Adapter interface. This class will usually be created by the :class:`Session <Session>` class under the covers. :param pool_connections: The number of urllib3 connection pools to cache. :param pool_maxsize: The maximum number of connections to save in the pool. :param max_retries: The maximum number of retries each connection should attempt. Note, this applies only to failed DNS lookups, socket connections and connection timeouts, never to requests where data has made it to the server. By default, Requests does not retry failed connections. If you need granular control over the conditions under which we retry a request, import urllib3's ``Retry`` class and pass that instead. :param pool_block: Whether the connection pool should block for connections. Usage:: >>> import requests >>> s = requests.Session() >>> a = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(max_retries=3) >>> s.mount('http://', a) """ __attrs__ = ['max_retries', 'config', '_pool_connections', '_pool_maxsize', '_pool_block'] def __init__(self, pool_connections=DEFAULT_POOLSIZE, pool_maxsize=DEFAULT_POOLSIZE, max_retries=DEFAULT_RETRIES, pool_block=DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK): if max_retries == DEFAULT_RETRIES: self.max_retries = Retry(0, read=False) else: self.max_retries = Retry.from_int(max_retries) self.config = {} self.proxy_manager = {} super(HTTPAdapter, self).__init__() self._pool_connections = pool_connections self._pool_maxsize = pool_maxsize self._pool_block = pool_block self.init_poolmanager(pool_connections, pool_maxsize, block=pool_block) def __getstate__(self): return {attr: getattr(self, attr, None) for attr in self.__attrs__} def __setstate__(self, state): # Can't handle by adding 'proxy_manager' to self.__attrs__ because # self.poolmanager uses a lambda function, which isn't pickleable. self.proxy_manager = {} self.config = {} for attr, value in state.items(): setattr(self, attr, value) self.init_poolmanager(self._pool_connections, self._pool_maxsize, block=self._pool_block) def init_poolmanager(self, connections, maxsize, block=DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK, **pool_kwargs): """Initializes a urllib3 PoolManager. This method should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`. :param connections: The number of urllib3 connection pools to cache. :param maxsize: The maximum number of connections to save in the pool. :param block: Block when no free connections are available. :param pool_kwargs: Extra keyword arguments used to initialize the Pool Manager. """ # save these values for pickling self._pool_connections = connections self._pool_maxsize = maxsize self._pool_block = block self.poolmanager = PoolManager(num_pools=connections, maxsize=maxsize, block=block, strict=True, **pool_kwargs) def proxy_manager_for(self, proxy, **proxy_kwargs): """Return urllib3 ProxyManager for the given proxy. This method should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`. :param proxy: The proxy to return a urllib3 ProxyManager for. :param proxy_kwargs: Extra keyword arguments used to configure the Proxy Manager. :returns: ProxyManager :rtype: urllib3.ProxyManager """ if proxy in self.proxy_manager: manager = self.proxy_manager[proxy] elif proxy.lower().startswith('socks'): username, password = get_auth_from_url(proxy) manager = self.proxy_manager[proxy] = SOCKSProxyManager( proxy, username=username, password=password, num_pools=self._pool_connections, maxsize=self._pool_maxsize, block=self._pool_block, **proxy_kwargs ) else: proxy_headers = self.proxy_headers(proxy) manager = self.proxy_manager[proxy] = proxy_from_url( proxy, proxy_headers=proxy_headers, num_pools=self._pool_connections, maxsize=self._pool_maxsize, block=self._pool_block, **proxy_kwargs) return manager def cert_verify(self, conn, url, verify, cert): """Verify a SSL certificate. This method should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`. :param conn: The urllib3 connection object associated with the cert. :param url: The requested URL. :param verify: Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path to a CA bundle to use :param cert: The SSL certificate to verify. """ if url.lower().startswith('https') and verify: conn.cert_reqs = "CERT_REQUIRED" # Only load the CA certificates if `verify` is a # string indicating the CA bundle to use. if verify is not True: # `verify` must be a str with a path then cert_loc = verify if not os.path.exists(cert_loc): raise OSError( f"Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, " f"invalid path: {cert_loc}" ) if not os.path.isdir(cert_loc): conn.ca_certs = cert_loc else: conn.ca_cert_dir = cert_loc else: conn.cert_reqs = 'CERT_NONE' conn.ca_certs = None conn.ca_cert_dir = None if cert: if not isinstance(cert, basestring): conn.cert_file = cert[0] conn.key_file = cert[1] else: conn.cert_file = cert conn.key_file = None if conn.cert_file and not os.path.exists(conn.cert_file): raise IOError("Could not find the TLS certificate file, " "invalid path: {}".format(conn.cert_file)) if conn.key_file and not os.path.exists(conn.key_file): raise IOError("Could not find the TLS key file, " "invalid path: {}".format(conn.key_file)) def build_response(self, req, resp): """Builds a :class:`Response <requests.Response>` object from a urllib3 response. This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>` :param req: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` used to generate the response. :param resp: The urllib3 response object. :rtype: requests.Response """ response = Response() # Fallback to None if there's no status_code, for whatever reason. response.status_code = getattr(resp, 'status', None) # Make headers case-insensitive. response.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict(getattr(resp, 'headers', {})) # Set encoding. response.encoding = get_encoding_from_headers(response.headers) response.raw = resp response.reason = response.raw.reason if isinstance(req.url, bytes): response.url = req.url.decode('utf-8') else: response.url = req.url # Add new cookies from the server. extract_cookies_to_jar(response.cookies, req, resp) # Give the Response some context. response.request = req response.connection = self return response def build_connection_pool_key_attributes(self, request, verify, cert=None): """Build the PoolKey attributes used by urllib3 to return a connection. This looks at the PreparedRequest, the user-specified verify value, and the value of the cert parameter to determine what PoolKey values to use to select a connection from a given urllib3 Connection Pool. The SSL related pool key arguments are not consistently set. As of this writing, use the following to determine what keys may be in that dictionary: * If ``verify`` is ``True``, ``"ssl_context"`` will be set and will be the default Requests SSL Context * If ``verify`` is ``False``, ``"ssl_context"`` will not be set but ``"cert_reqs"`` will be set * If ``verify`` is a string, (i.e., it is a user-specified trust bundle) ``"ca_certs"`` will be set if the string is not a directory recognized by :py:func:`os.path.isdir`, otherwise ``"ca_certs_dir"`` will be set. * If ``"cert"`` is specified, ``"cert_file"`` will always be set. If ``"cert"`` is a tuple with a second item, ``"key_file"`` will also be present To override these settings, one may subclass this class, call this method and use the above logic to change parameters as desired. For example, if one wishes to use a custom :py:class:`ssl.SSLContext` one must both set ``"ssl_context"`` and based on what else they require, alter the other keys to ensure the desired behaviour. :param request: The PreparedReqest being sent over the connection. :type request: :class:`~requests.models.PreparedRequest` :param verify: Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path to a CA bundle to use. :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate for client authentication (a.k.a., mTLS). This may be a string (i.e., just the path to a file which holds both certificate and key) or a tuple of length 2 with the certificate file path and key file path. :returns: A tuple of two dictionaries. The first is the "host parameters" portion of the Pool Key including scheme, hostname, and port. The second is a dictionary of SSLContext related parameters. """ return _urllib3_request_context(request, verify, cert, self.poolmanager) def get_connection_with_tls_context(self, request, verify, proxies=None, cert=None): """Returns a urllib3 connection for the given request and TLS settings. This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`. :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` object to be sent over the connection. :param verify: Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path to a CA bundle to use. :param proxies: (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request. :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be used for client authentication (a.k.a., mTLS). :rtype: urllib3.ConnectionPool """ proxy = select_proxy(request.url, proxies) try: host_params, pool_kwargs = self.build_connection_pool_key_attributes( request, verify, cert, ) except ValueError as e: raise InvalidURL(e, request=request) if proxy: proxy = prepend_scheme_if_needed(proxy, "http") proxy_url = parse_url(proxy) if not proxy_url.host: raise InvalidProxyURL( "Please check proxy URL. It is malformed " "and could be missing the host." ) proxy_manager = self.proxy_manager_for(proxy) conn = proxy_manager.connection_from_host( **host_params, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs ) else: # Only scheme should be lower case conn = self.poolmanager.connection_from_host( **host_params, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs ) return conn def get_connection(self, url, proxies=None): """DEPRECATED: Users should move to `get_connection_with_tls_context` for all subclasses of HTTPAdapter using Requests>=2.32.2. Returns a urllib3 connection for the given URL. This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`. :param url: The URL to connect to. :param proxies: (optional) A Requests-style dictionary of proxies used on this request. :rtype: urllib3.ConnectionPool """ proxy = select_proxy(url, proxies) if proxy: proxy = prepend_scheme_if_needed(proxy, 'http') proxy_url = parse_url(proxy) if not proxy_url.host: raise InvalidProxyURL("Please check proxy URL. It is malformed" " and could be missing the host.") proxy_manager = self.proxy_manager_for(proxy) conn = proxy_manager.connection_from_url(url) else: # Only scheme should be lower case parsed = urlparse(url) url = parsed.geturl() conn = self.poolmanager.connection_from_url(url) return conn def close(self): """Disposes of any internal state. Currently, this closes the PoolManager and any active ProxyManager, which closes any pooled connections. """ self.poolmanager.clear() for proxy in self.proxy_manager.values(): proxy.clear() def request_url(self, request, proxies): """Obtain the url to use when making the final request. If the message is being sent through a HTTP proxy, the full URL has to be used. Otherwise, we should only use the path portion of the URL. This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`. :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent. :param proxies: A dictionary of schemes or schemes and hosts to proxy URLs. :rtype: str """ proxy = select_proxy(request.url, proxies) scheme = urlparse(request.url).scheme is_proxied_http_request = (proxy and scheme != 'https') using_socks_proxy = False if proxy: proxy_scheme = urlparse(proxy).scheme.lower() using_socks_proxy = proxy_scheme.startswith('socks') url = request.path_url if is_proxied_http_request and not using_socks_proxy: url = urldefragauth(request.url) return url def add_headers(self, request, **kwargs): """Add any headers needed by the connection. As of v2.0 this does nothing by default, but is left for overriding by users that subclass the :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`. This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`. :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` to add headers to. :param kwargs: The keyword arguments from the call to send(). """ pass def proxy_headers(self, proxy): """Returns a dictionary of the headers to add to any request sent through a proxy. This works with urllib3 magic to ensure that they are correctly sent to the proxy, rather than in a tunnelled request if CONNECT is being used. This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`. :param proxy: The url of the proxy being used for this request. :rtype: dict """ headers = {} username, password = get_auth_from_url(proxy) if username: headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = _basic_auth_str(username, password) return headers def send(self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None): """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object. :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent. :param stream: (optional) Whether to stream the request content. :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple. :type timeout: float or tuple or urllib3 Timeout object :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path to a CA bundle to use :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted. :param proxies: (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request. :rtype: requests.Response """ try: conn = self.get_connection_with_tls_context( request, verify, proxies=proxies, cert=cert ) except LocationValueError as e: raise InvalidURL(e, request=request) self.cert_verify(conn, request.url, verify, cert) url = self.request_url(request, proxies) self.add_headers(request, stream=stream, timeout=timeout, verify=verify, cert=cert, proxies=proxies) chunked = not (request.body is None or 'Content-Length' in request.headers) if isinstance(timeout, tuple): try: connect, read = timeout timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=connect, read=read) except ValueError as e: # this may raise a string formatting error. err = ("Invalid timeout {}. Pass a (connect, read) " "timeout tuple, or a single float to set " "both timeouts to the same value".format(timeout)) raise ValueError(err) elif isinstance(timeout, TimeoutSauce): pass else: timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=timeout, read=timeout) try: if not chunked: resp = conn.urlopen( method=request.method, url=url, body=request.body, headers=request.headers, redirect=False, assert_same_host=False, preload_content=False, decode_content=False, retries=self.max_retries, timeout=timeout ) # Send the request. else: if hasattr(conn, 'proxy_pool'): conn = conn.proxy_pool low_conn = conn._get_conn(timeout=DEFAULT_POOL_TIMEOUT) try: low_conn.putrequest(request.method, url, skip_accept_encoding=True) for header, value in request.headers.items(): low_conn.putheader(header, value) low_conn.endheaders() for i in request.body: low_conn.send(hex(len(i))[2:].encode('utf-8')) low_conn.send(b'\r\n') low_conn.send(i) low_conn.send(b'\r\n') low_conn.send(b'0\r\n\r\n') # Receive the response from the server try: # For Python 2.7, use buffering of HTTP responses r = low_conn.getresponse(buffering=True) except TypeError: # For compatibility with Python 3.3+ r = low_conn.getresponse() resp = HTTPResponse.from_httplib( r, pool=conn, connection=low_conn, preload_content=False, decode_content=False ) except: # If we hit any problems here, clean up the connection. # Then, reraise so that we can handle the actual exception. low_conn.close() raise except (ProtocolError, socket.error) as err: raise ConnectionError(err, request=request) except MaxRetryError as e: if isinstance(e.reason, ConnectTimeoutError): # TODO: Remove this in 3.0.0: see #2811 if not isinstance(e.reason, NewConnectionError): raise ConnectTimeout(e, request=request) if isinstance(e.reason, ResponseError): raise RetryError(e, request=request) if isinstance(e.reason, _ProxyError): raise ProxyError(e, request=request) if isinstance(e.reason, _SSLError): # This branch is for urllib3 v1.22 and later. raise SSLError(e, request=request) raise ConnectionError(e, request=request) except ClosedPoolError as e: raise ConnectionError(e, request=request) except _ProxyError as e: raise ProxyError(e) except (_SSLError, _HTTPError) as e: if isinstance(e, _SSLError): # This branch is for urllib3 versions earlier than v1.22 raise SSLError(e, request=request) elif isinstance(e, ReadTimeoutError): raise ReadTimeout(e, request=request) else: raise return self.build_response(request, resp)
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