Grammar.txt
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# Grammar for 2to3. This grammar supports Python 2.x and 3.x. # NOTE WELL: You should also follow all the steps listed at # https://devguide.python.org/grammar/ # Start symbols for the grammar: # file_input is a module or sequence of commands read from an input file; # single_input is a single interactive statement; # eval_input is the input for the eval() and input() functions. # NB: compound_stmt in single_input is followed by extra NEWLINE! file_input: (NEWLINE | stmt)* ENDMARKER single_input: NEWLINE | simple_stmt | compound_stmt NEWLINE eval_input: testlist NEWLINE* ENDMARKER decorator: '@' dotted_name [ '(' [arglist] ')' ] NEWLINE decorators: decorator+ decorated: decorators (classdef | funcdef | async_funcdef) async_funcdef: ASYNC funcdef funcdef: 'def' NAME parameters ['->' test] ':' suite parameters: '(' [typedargslist] ')' typedargslist: ((tfpdef ['=' test] ',')* ('*' [tname] (',' tname ['=' test])* [',' ['**' tname [',']]] | '**' tname [',']) | tfpdef ['=' test] (',' tfpdef ['=' test])* [',']) tname: NAME [':' test] tfpdef: tname | '(' tfplist ')' tfplist: tfpdef (',' tfpdef)* [','] varargslist: ((vfpdef ['=' test] ',')* ('*' [vname] (',' vname ['=' test])* [',' ['**' vname [',']]] | '**' vname [',']) | vfpdef ['=' test] (',' vfpdef ['=' test])* [',']) vname: NAME vfpdef: vname | '(' vfplist ')' vfplist: vfpdef (',' vfpdef)* [','] stmt: simple_stmt | compound_stmt simple_stmt: small_stmt (';' small_stmt)* [';'] NEWLINE small_stmt: (expr_stmt | print_stmt | del_stmt | pass_stmt | flow_stmt | import_stmt | global_stmt | exec_stmt | assert_stmt) expr_stmt: testlist_star_expr (annassign | augassign (yield_expr|testlist) | ('=' (yield_expr|testlist_star_expr))*) annassign: ':' test ['=' test] testlist_star_expr: (test|star_expr) (',' (test|star_expr))* [','] augassign: ('+=' | '-=' | '*=' | '@=' | '/=' | '%=' | '&=' | '|=' | '^=' | '<<=' | '>>=' | '**=' | '//=') # For normal and annotated assignments, additional restrictions enforced by the interpreter print_stmt: 'print' ( [ test (',' test)* [','] ] | '>>' test [ (',' test)+ [','] ] ) del_stmt: 'del' exprlist pass_stmt: 'pass' flow_stmt: break_stmt | continue_stmt | return_stmt | raise_stmt | yield_stmt break_stmt: 'break' continue_stmt: 'continue' return_stmt: 'return' [testlist] yield_stmt: yield_expr raise_stmt: 'raise' [test ['from' test | ',' test [',' test]]] import_stmt: import_name | import_from import_name: 'import' dotted_as_names import_from: ('from' ('.'* dotted_name | '.'+) 'import' ('*' | '(' import_as_names ')' | import_as_names)) import_as_name: NAME ['as' NAME] dotted_as_name: dotted_name ['as' NAME] import_as_names: import_as_name (',' import_as_name)* [','] dotted_as_names: dotted_as_name (',' dotted_as_name)* dotted_name: NAME ('.' NAME)* global_stmt: ('global' | 'nonlocal') NAME (',' NAME)* exec_stmt: 'exec' expr ['in' test [',' test]] assert_stmt: 'assert' test [',' test] compound_stmt: if_stmt | while_stmt | for_stmt | try_stmt | with_stmt | funcdef | classdef | decorated | async_stmt async_stmt: ASYNC (funcdef | with_stmt | for_stmt) if_stmt: 'if' namedexpr_test ':' suite ('elif' namedexpr_test ':' suite)* ['else' ':' suite] while_stmt: 'while' namedexpr_test ':' suite ['else' ':' suite] for_stmt: 'for' exprlist 'in' testlist ':' suite ['else' ':' suite] try_stmt: ('try' ':' suite ((except_clause ':' suite)+ ['else' ':' suite] ['finally' ':' suite] | 'finally' ':' suite)) with_stmt: 'with' with_item (',' with_item)* ':' suite with_item: test ['as' expr] with_var: 'as' expr # NB compile.c makes sure that the default except clause is last except_clause: 'except' [test [(',' | 'as') test]] suite: simple_stmt | NEWLINE INDENT stmt+ DEDENT # Backward compatibility cruft to support: # [ x for x in lambda: True, lambda: False if x() ] # even while also allowing: # lambda x: 5 if x else 2 # (But not a mix of the two) testlist_safe: old_test [(',' old_test)+ [',']] old_test: or_test | old_lambdef old_lambdef: 'lambda' [varargslist] ':' old_test namedexpr_test: test [':=' test] test: or_test ['if' or_test 'else' test] | lambdef or_test: and_test ('or' and_test)* and_test: not_test ('and' not_test)* not_test: 'not' not_test | comparison comparison: expr (comp_op expr)* comp_op: '<'|'>'|'=='|'>='|'<='|'<>'|'!='|'in'|'not' 'in'|'is'|'is' 'not' star_expr: '*' expr expr: xor_expr ('|' xor_expr)* xor_expr: and_expr ('^' and_expr)* and_expr: shift_expr ('&' shift_expr)* shift_expr: arith_expr (('<<'|'>>') arith_expr)* arith_expr: term (('+'|'-') term)* term: factor (('*'|'@'|'/'|'%'|'//') factor)* factor: ('+'|'-'|'~') factor | power power: [AWAIT] atom trailer* ['**' factor] atom: ('(' [yield_expr|testlist_gexp] ')' | '[' [listmaker] ']' | '{' [dictsetmaker] '}' | '`' testlist1 '`' | NAME | NUMBER | STRING+ | '.' '.' '.') listmaker: (namedexpr_test|star_expr) ( comp_for | (',' (namedexpr_test|star_expr))* [','] ) testlist_gexp: (namedexpr_test|star_expr) ( comp_for | (',' (namedexpr_test|star_expr))* [','] ) lambdef: 'lambda' [varargslist] ':' test trailer: '(' [arglist] ')' | '[' subscriptlist ']' | '.' NAME subscriptlist: subscript (',' subscript)* [','] subscript: test | [test] ':' [test] [sliceop] sliceop: ':' [test] exprlist: (expr|star_expr) (',' (expr|star_expr))* [','] testlist: test (',' test)* [','] dictsetmaker: ( ((test ':' test | '**' expr) (comp_for | (',' (test ':' test | '**' expr))* [','])) | ((test | star_expr) (comp_for | (',' (test | star_expr))* [','])) ) classdef: 'class' NAME ['(' [arglist] ')'] ':' suite arglist: argument (',' argument)* [','] # "test '=' test" is really "keyword '=' test", but we have no such token. # These need to be in a single rule to avoid grammar that is ambiguous # to our LL(1) parser. Even though 'test' includes '*expr' in star_expr, # we explicitly match '*' here, too, to give it proper precedence. # Illegal combinations and orderings are blocked in ast.c: # multiple (test comp_for) arguments are blocked; keyword unpackings # that precede iterable unpackings are blocked; etc. argument: ( test [comp_for] | test ':=' test | test '=' test | '**' test | '*' test ) comp_iter: comp_for | comp_if comp_for: [ASYNC] 'for' exprlist 'in' testlist_safe [comp_iter] comp_if: 'if' old_test [comp_iter] testlist1: test (',' test)* # not used in grammar, but may appear in "node" passed from Parser to Compiler encoding_decl: NAME yield_expr: 'yield' [yield_arg] yield_arg: 'from' test | testlist
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